Goldman Sachs offers 10 reasons why it’s more confident about the U.S. economy

Goldman also sees a less than 20% probability of a U.S. recession in the next 12 months, while the Bloomberg consensus is about 50%.

This prompts Goldman to ask the question: “What are other forecasters worried about that we aren’t?” To answer they have looked at 10 risks for 2024 that are often highlighted by other forecasters and explained why they worry less.

The first risk perceived by many is a consumer slowdown if unsustainable spending ends, the saving rate rises from a low level, or households run out of excess savings.

But Goldman says it expects 2% consumption growth this year because real wage growth will remain positive as nominal wages rise but inflation falls, all while a solid jobs market encourages spending and contrary to expectations the exhaustion of excess savings will not have the impact some fear.

“While spending by low-income households whose incomes were boosted most by pandemic stimulus initially rose above trend, it normalized a while ago,” says Goldman.

That links to the second concern of rising consumer delinquency and default rates. “[These] mostly reflect normalization from very low levels in recent years, higher interest rates, and riskier lending, not poor household finances,” the bank contends.

Next is the fear of a sharper deterioration in the labor market. Goldman thinks this is unlikely given job openings are still high and the rate of layoffs still slow.

“While a few recent data points have been weaker, more statistically reliable signals such as trend payroll growth and our composite job growth tracker remain strong,” says Hatzius and the team.

Some observers have expressed concerns about the narrow breadth of job growth, which of late has been dominated by healthcare, leisure and hospitality and government.

But Goldman says there are several reasons this is not such a problem, including that those three sectors are not small, accounting for 40% of employment, and a big reason they have attracted labor is because they were understaffed and raised relative pay to workers.

Fifth on the list is the prospect of rising corporate bankruptcies. However, Goldman contends that large and small companies are generally on “solid financial footing” and that the current number of bankruptcies is still well below the pre-pandemic level. “While large company bankruptcies are somewhat higher, they have only returned to their 2019 levels,” says Goldman.

One reason some observers fear corporate stress is the looming debt maturity wall as companies have to refinance at higher interest rates. Goldman thinks the impact will be modest, with higher corporate interest expense reducing capex growth by 0.1 percentage points in 2024 and 0.25pp in 2025, and hiring by 5,000 jobs a month in 2024 and 10,000 jobs a month in 2025.

“The effect is small in part because the increase in interest expense should only be moderate and in part because increases in interest expense have only modest effects on capital investment and hiring,” says Goldman.

An area of severe concern is commercial real estate, as remote work leaves many office buildings half empty and financially unviable. There are worries that some lenders will struggle to absorb the losses on their commercial real estate portfolios.

But Goldman stresses that it is offices specifically and not CRE broadly that face a big problem and that office loans account for only 2-3% of banks’ loan portfolios.

“As a result, banks should be able to manage the headwind from lower office values. Indeed, the Fed’s 2023 stress test found that the banks subject to these tests would have enough capital to weather even an extreme scenario where CRE prices declined 40% and the unemployment rate rose to 10%,” Goldman says.

Other factors that Goldman thinks are not such a problem are: something finally breaks, but peak pain from higher interest rates is already passed; fading fiscal support will not be the drag observers fear; bank credit crunch, but small business have not reported a severe lack of access to credit.